|
Recent research
has claimed that an excess of positive ions in the air can have an ill effect
on people's physical or psychological health. What are
positive ions？Well，the air is
full of ions，electrically charged particles，and generally there is a rough balance between the
positive and the negative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed
and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally
before thunderstorm，earth ** s when winds such as the Mistral，Hamsin or Sharav are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity
indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibres，or from TV sets，duplicators or computer
display screens.
When a large number of positive ions are
present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches，fatigue，irritability，and some particularly
sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. Animals are also affected，particularly before earth ** s，snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation，rats to flee from their burrows，dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has
led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals
in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as
California.
Conversely，when large numbers of negative ions are present，then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural
conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea，close to waterfalls or fountains，or in any place where water
is sprayed，or forms a spray. This probably accounts
for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea， or in the mountains
with tumbling streams or waterfalls_examda_com
To increase the supply of negative ions
indoors，some scientists recommend the use of ionisers：small portable machines，which generate negative ions. They claim
that ionisers not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of
people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course，there are the detractors，other
scientists，who dismiss such claims and are skeptical
about negative/positive ion research. Therefore people can only make up their
own minds by observing the effects on themselves，or on
others，of a negative
rich or poor environment. After all it is debatable whether depending on
seismic readings to anticipate earth ** s is more effective than watching the
cat.
引用
1_What effect does exceeding positive
ionization have on some people？
A_They think they are insane.
B_They feel rather bad-tempered and
short-fussed.
C_They become violently sick.
D_They are too tired to do anything.
2_In accordance with the passage，static electricity can be caused by___.
A_using home-made electrical goods.
B_wearing clothes made of natural
materials.
C_walking on artificial floor coverings.
D_copying TV programs on a computer.
3.A high negative ion count is likely to be
found___.
A_near a pound with a water pump.
B_close to a slow-flowing river.
C_high in some barren mountains.
D_by a rotating water sprinkler.
4_What kind of machine can generate
negative ions indoors？
A_Ionisers_examda_com
B_Air-conditioners.
C_Exhaust-fans
D_Vacuum pumps.
5_Some scientists believe that___.
A_watching animals to anticipate
earth ** s is more effective than depending on seismography.
B_the unusual behavior of animals cannot be
trusted.
C_neither watching nor using seismographs
is reliable.
D_earth **
【答案】ＢＣＤＡＡ
[a href="http://www_cet6_net" target="_blank"][/a])
We all know that
the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’ sleep
alternation with some 16-17 hours’wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the
sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is
with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.
The question is no mere academic one. The
ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to
working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where
automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes
from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep
and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately,
it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person
may work from 12:00 midnight to 8:00 a.m. one week, 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. the
next, and 4:00p.m. to 12:00 midnight the third and so on. This means that no
sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that
much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.
The only real solution appears to be to
hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An
interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was
carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and
other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no
abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.
This latter system then appears to be the
best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the
strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt
most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has
adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime
work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one
at night; when they change to night work, the pattern will only gradually go
back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels,
broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms
of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours
throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can
adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection.
So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in
practice. (445 words)
引用
1. The main problem of the round-the-clock
working system lies in _______.
A. the disturbance of the daily cycle of
workers who have to change shifts too frequently
B. the inconveniences brought about to the
workers by the introduction of automation
C. the fact that people working at night
are often less effective
D. the fact that it is difficult to find a
number of good night workers
2. The best solution to implementing the
24-hour working system seems ________.
A. to employ people who work on night
shifts only
B. to create better living conditions for
night workers
C. to change shifts at longer intervals
D. to have longer shifts
3. Which of the following statements is NOT
true?
A. Body temperature may serve as an indication
of a worker’s performance.
B. The employment of permanent night shift
workers seems to be the best solution to problems of the round-the-clock
working system.
C. Taking body temperature at regular
intervals can show how a person adapts to the changes of routine.
D. Disturbed sleep occurs more frequently
among shift workers.
4. It is possible to find out if a person
has adapted to the changes of routine by measuring his body temperature because
________.
A. body temperature changes when the cycle
of sleep and wakefulness alternates
B. body temperature changes when he changes
to night shift or back
C. the temperature reverses when the
routine is changed.
D. people have higher temperature when they
are working efficiently.
5. The phrase “coincide with”(Line 3,
Para.1) could best be replaced by _______.
A. take place
B. agree with
C. accord to
D. take up
引用
[答案]
1. B 推理引申题。第二段中提到人适应新习惯需要五天到一个礼拜的时间，但事实是工人的正常生活节奏经常处于被扰乱的状态，使工作和睡眠效率不佳。所以，正确考试*大答案为B。
2. A 事实细节题。根据第三段第一句“The only real solution appears…night
workers”
3. A 事实细节题。最后一段提到“…by
taking body temperature…can be seen how quickly a person can adapt
to a reversed routine”。
4. C 推理引申题。最后一段指出体温与人处于醒着的状态还是睡眠状态的关系，只有C与原文相符。
5. B 词意猜测题。意思是“与……一致”。
[a href="http://www_cet6_net" target="_blank"][/a])
With the
possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most controversial issue across
the United States
today is the death penalty. Many argue that it is an effective deterrent (威慑) to murder, while others maintain
there is no convincing evidence that the death penalty reduces the number of
murders.
The principal
argument advanced by those opposed to the death penalty, basically, is that it
is cruel and inhuman punishment, which is the mark of a brutal society, and
finally that it is of questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime
anyway.
In our opinion, the
death penalty is a necessary evil. Throughout recorded history there have
always been those extreme individuals in every society who were capable of
terribly violent crimes such as murder. But some are more extreme than others.
For example, it
is one thing to take the life of another in a fit of blind rage, but quite
another to coldly plot and carry out the murder of one or more people in the
style of a butcher. Thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of
relative degree. While it could be argued with some conviction that the
criminal in the first instance should be merely isolated from society, such
should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.
The value of the
death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to debate. But the
overwhelming majority of citizens believe that the death penalty protects them.
Their belief is reinforced by evidence which shows that the death penalty
deters murder. For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was
consistently imposed in California,
the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100,000
population. Since 1964 the death penalty has been imposed only once, and the
murder rate has risen to 10.4 murders for each 100,000 population. The sharp
climb in the state’s murder rate, which began when executions stopped, is no
coincidence. It is convincing evidence that the death penalty does deter many
murderers. If the bill reestablishing the death penalty is vetoed, innocent
people will be murdered—some whose lives may have been saved if the death
penalty were in effect. This is literally a life or death matter. The lives of
thousands of innocent people must be protected.
52. The principal purpose of this passage
is to .
A) speak for the majority B) initiate a veto
C) criticize the government D) argue for the value of the
death penalty
53. The author’s response to those who urge
the death penalty for all is likely to be .
A) negative B) friendly C) supportive D) hostile
54. According to the Paragraph 4, it can be
inferred that .
A) the death penalty is the most controversial issue in the United States
today
B) the second type of murderers should be sentenced to death
C) the veto of the bill reestablishing the death penalty is of
little importance
D) the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime is not to
be debated
55. The passage attempts to establish a
relationship between .
A) the murder rate and the imposition of the death penalty
B) the effects of execution and the effects of isolation
C) the importance of equal rights and that of the death penalty
D) executions and murders
56. The author’s attitude towards “death penalty”
is .
A) opposing B)
supporting C) neutral D) sarcastic
Passage
Two
Questions
57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
One positive consequence of our current national crisis may be at
least a temporary shadow in Hollywood’s
culture of violence. Fearful of offending audiences in the wake of the
terrorist attack, some moviemakers have postponed the release of film with
terrorist themes. Television writers are delaying scripts with warlike and
terrorist scenarios (剧本提纲).It is probably good thinking.
My local video store tells me nobody is checking out “disaster” movies. Says
the manager, “Currently, people want comedy. They want an escape from stories
about violence and terrorism.” Similarly, in the music business, there’s a run
on patriotic and inspirational tapes and CDs.
According to The New York Times, the self scrutiny among these czars (特权人物) of mass-entertainment taste
is unprecedented in scale, sweeping aside hundreds of millions of dollars in
projects that no longer seem appropriate. A reasonable concern is that this
might be a short term phenomenon. Once life returns to something more normal, will Hollywood return to its bad old ways? The Times offers a
glimmer of hope. The industry’s titans (巨头),it suggests, are struggling with
much more difficulties, long range questions of what the public will want once
the initial shock from the terrorist attacks wears off. Many in the industry
admit they do not know where the boundaries of taste and consumer tolerance now
lie.
This is an opportunity for some of us to suggest to Hollywood where
that boundary of consumer tolerance is, especially those of us who have not yet
convinced Hollywood to cease its descent into ever lower of the dumbness of our
young.
The nonprofit
Parents Television Council, which monitors the quality of TV programming, says
in its latest report that today’s TV shows are more laced than ever with
vulgarities, sexual immorality, crudities, violence, and foul language. The
traditional family hour between 8p_m_and 9p.m., when the networks used to offer
programs for the entire family, has disappeared. The problem looks like it will
get worse.
That certainly looked to be the case before the Sept.11th assault.
One pre attack New York Times story reported that TV producers were crusading (讨伐) for scripts that include every
crude word imaginable. The struggles between net-work censors and producers,
according to the report, were “growing more intense”. Producers like Aaron
Sorkin of “The West Wing” planned to keep pushing hard. He was quoted as
saying,“There’s
absolutely no reason why we can’t use the language of adulthood in programs
that are about adults”.
My guess is that a lot of adults don’t use the language Mr. Sorkin
wants to use, and don’t enjoy having their children hear it. At this moment of
crisis in our nation’s history, thought has become more thoughtful, prayerful,
and spiritual. It may be the time to tell the entertainment industry that we
want not a temporary pause in the flow of tastelessness, but a long term clean-up.
57. Some filmmakers hesitate to release new
films with violent content because .
A) they want to show themselves to be patriots
B) they are afraid such films may anger audiences
C) films with violence in them are no longer popu1ar
D) films with terrorist themes are reflections on violence.
58. The “self-scrutiny” in the second
paragraph refers to filmmakers attempt to
.
A) produce appropriate films with no violent content for the
audiences
B) prevent themselves from slipping into their old bad ways
C) understand to what extent their films have contributed to the
national crisis
D) find out where the boundaries of taste and consumer tolerance lie
59. The author thinks that it is time for
the general audience to .
A) tell filmmakers where the boundaries of their taste lie
B) point out to Hollywood
how bad their films are
C) accuse the filmmakers of desensitizing their children
D) ask filmmakers to make films that reflect traditional family life
60. Which of the following statements is
TRUE about Aaron Sorkin?
A) He is strongly against using crude language in films.
B) He starts the struggles between network censors and producer.
C) He insists no restraint be set to the language used in films.
D) He believes that it is time to clean up the entertainment
industry.
61. The author’s purpose in writing this
passage is .
A) to acknowledge the current practice of the entertainment industry
B) to show his admiration for the current practice of the
entertainment industry
C) to accuse the entertainment industry of their current practice
D) to show tolerance of the current
practice of the entertainment industry
52. D)。【定位】 由题干principal purpose of this passage
is定位到全文内容。【解析】 主旨题。从整篇看，作者是在为实行死刑争辩，因此选D)。【避错指导】A)“为多数人辩护”、B)“行使否决权”和C)“指责政府”均不是文章主旨。
53. A)。【定位】 由题干author’s response to those who
urge the death penalty定位到原文第四段第一句For example, it is one thing to take the life of another in a fit of
blind rage, but quite another to coldly plot and carry out the murder of one or
more people in the style of a butcher.【解析】
推断题。在第四段中，作者认为谋杀案情况不同，还有相对程度之分。他把谋杀分为两类：一类是在盛怒之下杀人，另一类是有预谋的特别残忍的谋杀。他认为前一种杀人犯可以把他们与社会隔离起来，不一定要处以极刑。所以说作者并不赞成把所有杀人犯都处以死刑，因此A)是正确答案。【避错指导】
B)“友好的”和C)“支持的”显然是不对的；作者对把所有杀人犯都处以死刑只是不赞成，而不是怀有“敌意”，因此D)也不对。
54. B)。【定位】 由题干定位到原文第四段。【解析】 推断题。第四段最后一句说，虽然我们可以争论有关“第一种案例中的罪犯只应该隔离于社会”这样的宣判，但是后一种杀人犯的结局不应该是这样的。即：后一种杀人犯不应该只隔离于社会，言外之意要判死刑。因而B)是正确选项。【避错指导】
A)认为死刑问题是当今美国最具争议的问题，可文章第一句话“With the possible exception of equal rights,”除了平等的权利之外，说明死刑排在第二位，A)错误；C)文章结尾讲到“如果恢复死刑的法案被否决，无辜的人们将被谋杀——如果执行死刑，一些人的生命就可能被挽救。确切地说来，这是一个是生还是死的问题。成千上万无辜者的生命必须得到保护。”那么不能说否决(veto)是不重要的,所以C）错误；D)原文就是在讨论这个问题，不能说是“无争议的”。因此D）错误。
55. A)。【定位】 由题干attempts to establish a
relationship between定位到原文最后一段倒数第四句It is convincing evidence that the death penalty does deter many murderers.【解析】 推断题。作者在文章最后一段花了很大篇幅讲谋杀率与施行死刑的关系，结合倒数第四句可知，A)是正确选项。【避错指导】文章没有谈到平等权利和死刑之间的关系，因此C)不可能是正确答案；执行死刑与谋杀之间似乎有点关系，但文章中并没有专门谈到执行死刑的问题，因此D)也不对；文章虽然提到了执行死刑的作用问题，但没有提及隔离的作用问题，更没有讲到两者之间的关系，因此B)也应被排除。
56. B)。【定位】 由题干的The author’s attitude towards“death penalty”定位于全文。【解析】 态度题。作者开篇指出公众对待死刑的一些看法，有正面的，也有负面的，但字里行间透露着对死刑的辩护。由最后一段最后一句This is literally a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of
innocent people must be protected.可进一步确定，作者是在为实行死刑辩护，因此B)是正确的。【避错指导】A)“反对的”；C)“中立的”和D)“讽刺的”均不是作者的态度。
Passage
Two
美国遭受恐怖袭击后，好莱坞电影所推崇的暴力文化被投下了阴影。《纽约时报》报道电影巨头们对大众娱乐的品味进行了史无前例的自我分析。文章末尾作者指出在国家处于这样危急的历史时刻,人们比以前更虔诚地关注、思考精神与思想的问题。也许的确到了该彻底长期整顿电影的时候了,而不是像现在一样只是暂时停止制作品味极低的电影。
57. B )。【定位】 由题干filmmakers hesitate to release
new films定位到原文第一段第二句Fearful
of offending audiences in the wake of the terrorist attack,some moviemakers
have postponed the release of film with terrorist themes.【解析】细节题。从第一段可以看出,9.11恐怖袭击给人们带来了极大的震惊,为好莱坞电影暴力文化投下了阴影。由于害怕 “offending” 惊魂未定的大众,很多电影制片商have postponed the release of
film with terrorist themes。由此可见B)符合题意,选项中的“afraid”与原文中的“fearful”意思上相同,“anger”为动词,与原文中的“offending”相对应,更可确定答案的正确性。【避错指导】A)在文章中并未提及；C)认为“充满暴力内容的电影在他们中间已经不再流行”与原文意思相反,如果误认为“them”指的是广大观众就很容易误选；D)将暴力电影等同于暴力,混淆了两个概念，同原文意思不相符,故错误。
58. D)。【定位】由题干The“selfscrutiny”in the second paragraph定位到第二段倒数第二句...1ong range questions
of what the public will want once the initial shock from the terrorist attacks
wears off.【解析】细节题。文章第二段指出,电影制片商们对大众娱乐的品味进行自我反省,很可能是一个暂时现象,因为正如业界许多人士承认的那样,目前他们不知道where boundaries of taste and
consumer tolerance now lie。与前文的Fearful of offending audiences in the wake of the terrorist attack这个原因相照应。正是因为不知道观众们目前希望看什么样的电影,害怕暴力电影在这个特殊时刻激怒观众,才不敢贸然制作,因此制片商们才对此进行自我分析。故D)符合题意。【避错指导】 A)认为制片商这么做是因为“想为观众们制作出不含有暴力内容的影片”不确切,因为第一段中指出,制片商们只是“postponed the release of
films with terrorist themes”,而不是停止制作此类电影,故A）错误；B)制片商们的目的是“阻止自己回到制作暴力电影的老路上去”同文章中的讲述相反,故错误；C)选项原文中并未提及,故不合题意。
59. A)。【定位】由题干it is time for the general audience to定义到原文第三段第一句This is an opportunity for some of us to suggest to Hollywood where
that boundary of consumer tolerance is.【解析】细节题。由于作者在第二段中指出制片商们不敢轻易制作电影,因为他们不知道观众的口味和对暴力电影的容忍度有多少,因此在第三段中指出,这正是一个好时机让观众告诉“口味如何及对暴力电影的容忍度有多大”。故
A)正确。【避错指导】B)犯了以偏概全的错误,人们反对的是好莱坞充斥暴力内容的电影,而不是所有好莱坞制作的电影，故不正确；作者只是指出人们可以借机向好莱坞提出电影未来方向的建议,建议他们cease its
descent into ever lower of the dumbness
of our young,而不是建议观众对此进行指责,故选项C)不确切；作者在文章第四段指出,传统的家庭电影时间“disappeared”,这一事实说明暴力电影的泛滥程度需要得到控制,但选项 D)“要求制片商们制作反映传统家庭生活的电影”在文中并未提及,故错误。
60. C)。【定位】由题干about Aaron Sorkin定义到原文中第五段最后两句Producers like Aaron Sorkin of “The West Wing”planned to keep pushing hard. He was quoted as saying,“There’s absolutely no reason why we
can’t use the language of adulthood in programs that are about adults”.【解析】细节题。文章在第五段中举了Aaron Sorkin这个导演为例,来说明前面的观点The
struggles between network censors and produce...were growing more intense。从文中可以看出,Aaron Sorkjn认为,在关于成人的电影中不用成人的语言绝对没有任何道理。而后面作者指出,很多成人根本不用Aaron
Sorkin在电影中使用的语言,也不希望他们的孩子们听到这样的语言,由此可以看出Aaron Sorkin所强烈推崇在电影中使用的“the language of
adulthood”正是前文中所说的 “crude word”(粗俗的言语)。故C)“他坚持认为不应该对电影中的语言进行限制”解释正确。【避错指导】A)同原文内容正好相反,故错误；B)不正确,因为原文只说他在这场较量中想“keep pushing hard”，并未表明是他首先引起了这场较量；D)“他认为应该彻底整顿电影业”同文章中对Aaron Sorkin的描述相反,因为作者所说的 “clean up the entertainment industry”正是指让电影内容更加积极,减少粗俗的语言和暴力的内容。
61. C)。【定位】由题干the author’s purpose定位到全文内容，尤其是首尾两段。【解析】推断题。从文章第一段的第一句话来看,作者认为恐怖主义活动带来了一个“positive consequence”。那就是冲击了好莱坞的暴力电影文化。既然作者认为这是一个积极影响,说明作者对好莱坞暴力电影持否定态度。同时在文章的最后一句中,作者亦指出,现在是时候该告诉娱乐界人们所需要的不仅仅是a temporary
pause in the flow of tastelessness,而是长期的彻底整顿。由此可见，作者对现在娱乐界的做法持否定态度。因此C)正确。【避错指导】A)“了解”、B)“赞同”和D)“容忍”,均不符合文中所表达的作者的目的。
| 
/1 
发表于 2008-12-15 19:55
收藏