标题: 2010建行笔试题中的英语部分 [打印本页] 作者: bolei 时间: 2009-12-26 13:07 标题: 2010建行笔试题中的英语部分 Most economists hate gold. Not, you understand, that they would turn up their noses at a bar or two. But they find the reverence in which many hold the metal almost irrational. That it was used as money for millennia is irrelevant: it isn't any more. Modern money takes the form of paper or, more often, electronic data. To economists, gold is now just another commodity. So why is its price soaring? Over the past week, this has topped $450 a troy ounce, up by 9% since the beginning of the year and 77% since April 2001. Ah, comes the reply, gold transactions are denominated in dollars, and the rise in the price simply reflects the dollar's fall in terms of other currencies, especially the euro, against which it hit a new low this week. Expressed in euros, the gold price has moved much less. However, there is no iron link, as it were, between the value of the dollar and the value of gold. A rising price of gold, like that of anything else, can reflect an increase in demand as well as a depreciation of its unit of account.
This is where gold bulls come in. The fall in the dollar is important, but mainly because as a store of value the dollar stinks. With a few longish rallies, the greenback has been on a downward trend since it came off the gold standard in 1971. Now it is suffering one of its sharper declines. At the margin, extra demand has come from those who think dollars--indeed any money backed by nothing more than promises to keep inflation low--a decidedly risky investment, mainly because America, with the world's reserve currency, has been able to create and borrow so many of them. The least painful way of repaying those dollars is to make them worth less.
The striking exception to this extra demand comes from central banks, which would like to sell some of the gold they already have. As a legacy of the days when their currencies were backed by the metal, central banks still hold one-fifth of the world's gold. Last month the Bank of France said it would sell 500 tonnes in coming years. But big sales by central banks can cause the price to plunge--as when the Bank of England sold 395 tonnes between 1999 and 2002. The result was an agreement between central banks to co-ordinate and limit future sales.
If the price of gold marches higher, this agreement will presumably be ripped up, although a dollar crisis might make central banks think twice about switching into paper money. Will the overhang of central-bank gold drag the price down again? Not necessarily. As James Grant, gold bug and publisher of Grant's Interest Rate Observer, a newsletter, points out, in recent years the huge glut of government debt has not stopped a sharp rise in its price.
1_In economists’ eyes, gold is something__________.
[A] they look down upon
[B] that can be exchanged in the market
[C] worth people’s reverence
[D] that should be replaced by other forms of money
2_According to the author, one of the reasons for the rising of gold price is___________.
[A] the increasing demand for gold
[B] the depreciation of the euro
[C] the link between the dollar and gold
[D] the increment of the value of the dollar
3_We can infer from the third paragraph that_________.
[A] the decline of the dollar is inevitable
[B] America benefits from the depreciation of the dollar
[C] the depreciation of the dollar is good news to other currencies
[D] investment in the dollar yields more returns than that in gold
4_The phrase “ripped up” (Line 1, Paragraph 5) most probably means__________.
[A] strengthened
[B] broadened
[C] renegotiated
[D] torn up
5_According to the passage, the rise of gold price__________.
[A] will not last long
[B] will attract some central banks to sell gold
[C] will impel central banks to switch into paper money
[D] will lead to a dollar crisis
Passage Two
There are few more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends.
A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the “labor-market premium to skill”—or the amount college graduates earned that’s greater than what high-school graduate earned—decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance (报复性地) since the 1980s. In 2005, The typical full-time year-round U.S. worker with a four-year college degree earned ,900, 62% more than the ,500 earned by a worker with only a high-school diploma.
There’s no question that going to college is a smart economic choice. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesn’t come down merely to dollars and cents. Does going to Columbia University (tuition, room and board ,260 in 2007-08) yield a 40% greater return than attending the University of Colorado at Boulder as an out-of-state student (,542)? Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student (,380) there? Not likely.
No, in this consumerist age, most buyers aren’t evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer product—like a car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only one of many crucial factors to consider.
As with automobiles, consumers in today’s college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. This accounts for the willingness of people to pay more for different types of experiences (such as attending a private liberal-arts college or going to an out-of-state public school that has a great marine-biology program). And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of money on very different cars, college students (or, more accurately, their parents) often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products. So which is it? Is college an investment product like a stock or a consumer product like a car? In keeping with the automotive world’s hottest consumer trend, maybe it’s best to characterize it as a hybrid (混合动力汽车); an expensive consumer product that, over time, will pay rich dividends.
6. What’s the opinion of economists about going to college?
A_Huge amounts of money is being wasted on campus socializing.
B_It doesn’t pay to run into debt to receive a college education.
C_College education is rewarding in spite of the startling costs.
D_Going to college doesn’t necessarily bring the expected returns.
7. The two Harvard economists note in their study that, for much of the 20th century, ________.
A_enrollment kept decreasing in virtually all American colleges and universities
B_the labor market preferred high-school to college graduates
C_competition for university admissions was far more fierce than today
D_the gap between the earnings of college and high-school graduates narrowed
8. Students who attend an in-state college or university can ________.
A_save more on tuition
B_receive a better education
C_take more liberal-arts courses
D_avoid traveling long distances
9. In this consumerist age, most parents ________.
A_regard college education as a wise investment
B_place a premium on the prestige of the College
C_think it crucial to send their children to college
D_consider college education a consumer product
10. What is the chief consideration when students choose a college today?
A_Their employment prospects after graduation.
B.A satisfying experience within their budgets.
C_Its facilities and learning environment.
D_Its ranking among similar institutions.作者: flylifanlf 时间: 2009-12-26 13:08
厉害啊。这么快就找出来了。。。。作者: bolei 时间: 2009-12-26 13:15
Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998_Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. “In comes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure in dividual rights,” he says_Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes.“No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary,”he argues. “There is no private property without government―individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well.”Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks...if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers,” Olson writes_Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. “If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (刺激，动力）to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade, and therefore at least some economic advance,” Olson concludes.56. Which of the following is true about Olson?A. He was a fiction writer.B. He edited the book Power and Prosperity.C. He taught economics at the University of Maryland.D. He was against the ownership of private property.57. Which of the following represents Olson's point or view?A. Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.B. Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rights.C. Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the society.D. In some countries, people don't have secure individual rights because they're poor.58. What does Olson think about mass production?A. It's capital intensive.B. It's property intensive.C. It relies on individual labor.D. It relies on individual skills.59. What is the basis for the banking system?A. Contract system that can be enforced.B. People's willingness to deposit money in banks.C. The possibility that the bank can make profits from its borrowers.D. The fact that some people have surplus money while some need loans.60. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?A. government interventionB. lack of secure individual rightsC. being short of capitalD. lack of a free market Part作者: bolei 时间: 2009-12-26 13:20
每篇错一道，咳～～～作者: tanchang121 时间: 2009-12-26 13:27
答案：B A B D B 4@
篇章剖析 .d1ff] ;
本篇文章采用了提出问题-分析问题的模式，分析了金价上涨，美元下跌的经济态势。第一段说明黄金是一种商品；第二段分析了金价上涨的原因：金价的上涨反映了需求的增加以及计价单位的贬值；第三段美元下跌的原因；第四段分析了各国央行的反应；最后一段对金价继续上扬可能带来的影响进行了分析。 SV>tw`2
词汇注释 2IJ K0w@
reverence: [5revErEns] n. 崇敬，尊敬 1|MR XK
millennia: [mI`lenIE] n. millennium的复数 S\A/*!%~y
soaring: [5sC:riN] adj. 剧增的；上升到明显高于正常水平的 a `R%\@1
troy ounce: n. 金衡制盎司, 金衡 &jP1Q3
denominate: [di5nCmineit] v. 以…面值发行以某种给定的货币单位发行或表达 u:l-qD9=(
euro: [`jJErEJ] n. 欧元 tk"+ u_uw
depreciation: [dIpri:FI5eIF(E)n] n. 跌价；贬值 Y sM*d
bull: [bul] n. 买空；（做）多头 M-o'` e'
stink: [stiNk] v. 发出臭味 $YSX E :
longish: [5lRNIF] adj. 相当长的 6Tl6A>%s
rally: [5rAli] n. （行情、价格等）跌后复升 ,d#*i
greenback: [`^ri:nbAk] n. 美钞 EeuYR yK
tonne: [tQn] n. 公吨(=1,000公斤或称 metric ton) }p)K6!J0
rip up: 斯毁；取消 4EB\R"rWXf
overhang: [5EuvE5hAN] n. 突出量 M(-)\~9T
难句突破 ]M?i: A$B
At the margin, extra demand has come from those who think dollars--indeed any money backed by nothing more than promises to keep inflation low--a decidedly risky investment, mainly because America, with the world’s reserve currency, has been able to create and borrow so many of them. sZ `Tv[
主体句式：extra demand has come ;blL\|ch;
结构分析：本句是一个复杂句，from这个介词所引导的状语中包含一个who 引导的定语从句，一个插入语，主句之后是一个because引导的原因状语从句。nothing more than的意思是“只不过，仅仅”. P>/:dt'GJ}
句子译文：在此下跌情况下，导致金价上扬的额外需求来自于那些认为美元---或者任何一种依靠抑制通胀的许诺来支撑的货币—无疑是一种高风险投资的人，主要因为美国拥有美元这一世界储备货币，而且一直能够制造和借来很多美元。 "hIYf7r##
题目分析 oi #B7
1. 答案为B，属事实细节题。文章第一段提到经济学家不喜欢黄金的原因是人们对黄金缺乏理性的崇拜。在他们看来，黄金只不过是一种商品，也就是可以在市场交换的东西。 M 8},RR@{
2. 答案为A，属事实细节题。文章第二段分析了金价上涨的两个主要原因：金价用美元表示，而美元相对于其他货币贬值了；市场对黄金需求的增加。 )V1XL
3. 答案为B，属推理判断题。根据文章第三段，美国因为拥有世界储备货币，而且一直能够制造和借来很多美元。要偿还这些美元，最不费力的方式就是让美元贬值。可见，美元贬值对美国是有益无害的事情。 9b. kso9.
4. 答案为D，属猜词题。根据文章第四段，为了防止出现一国央行大量抛售黄金导致金价下跌的情况，各国央行达成协议，协调和限制今后的黄金销售。如果金价持续上涨，很可能一些央行会再次抛售黄金（文中提到法国央行出售黄金的决定），那样各国央行之间的协议就会被破坏。因此，根据上下文，“ripped up”最有可能的意思就是“torn up”（撕毁）。 }x'*3zI
5. 答案为B，属推理判断题。根据文章第四段，在许多买家大量买入黄金的同时，许多央行却打算将他们囤积的黄金出售。文章第五段说，如果金价继续上扬，各国央行之间的“限制和协调未来黄金销售”的协议将会被打破，也就是说金价的上涨会吸引各国央行出售黄金。 7oZ :/6_>
参考译文 &L6Ivpj-
大多数经济学家都讨厌黄金。要知道，这可不是因为他们瞧不起一两块金条，而是因为他们发现许多人对这种金属的崇敬几乎到了毫无理性的地步。这与它被用作千禧年的货币并无关系：那已经是昨日黄花了。现代货币采用的是纸币的形式，或者，更多时候，采用的是电子数据的形式。对经济学家来说，黄金现在只是另外一种商品。 +M j 6.X
那么为什么金价会大幅上涨呢？在过去一周里，每金衡（1金衡约31.1025克）的价格达到了450美元，比年初上涨了9%，而比2001年4月则上涨了77%。啊，答案来了，黄金交易是以美元来计数的，价格的上涨只是反映了美元对其他货币的比价，尤其是对欧元比价的下跌，而本周美元对欧元的比价又创新低。用欧元计数的话，金价的波动要小得多。然而，美元价值和黄金价值之间似乎并没有固定联系。像其他任何东西一样，金价的上涨反映了需求的增加以及计价单位的贬值。 :6Ri% Nb
因此就出现了黄金买空。美元的下跌之所以重要主要是因为作为一种价值储存手段美钞可谓臭名昭著。自从1971年美元脱离金本位，就一直处于跌势，其间只有为数不多的几次跌后复升。这一次下跌的跌幅更大。在此下跌情况下，导致金价上扬的额外需求来自于那些认为美元---或者任何一种依靠抑制通胀的许诺来支撑的货币—无疑是一种高风险投资的人，主要因为美国拥有美元这一世界储备货币，而且一直能够制造和借来很多美元。要偿还这些美元，最不费力的方式就是让美元贬值。 gM 96RY
各国中央银行的反应跟这种额外需求正好形成鲜明对照。这些银行都想把手里的黄金卖掉一些。以前各国货币都依靠这种金属，历史继承的结果就是各国中央银行的黄金储量是世界黄金总量的五分之一。上个月，法国中央银行宣布即将在未来几年出售500吨黄金。不过中央银行大量出售黄金会导致金价猛跌--- 1999年至2002年之间英格兰银行出售395吨黄金时就发生过这种情况。其结果是各国央行达成协议，协调限制今后的销售。 L>Y+}]~
如果金价继续上扬，这个协议就会被破坏，虽然一场美元危机会让各国央行在转向纸币经营问题上慎之又慎。那么央行所储备的大量黄金是否会将金价再次拉下来呢？那倒不一定。正如黄金迷，时事通讯《格兰特利率观察家》的出版人詹姆斯·格兰特所指出的，最近几年政府的巨额债务并未阻止金价的大幅上涨。作者: tanchang121 时间: 2009-12-26 13:28
Passage Two
There are few more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends.
A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the “labor-market premium to skill”—or the amount college graduates earned that’s greater than what high-school graduate earned—decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance (报复性地) since the 1980s. In 2005, The typical full-time year-round U.S. worker with a four-year college degree earned $50,900, 62% more than the $31,500 earned by a worker with only a high-school diploma.
There’s no question that going to college is a smart economic choice. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesn’t come down merely to dollars and cents. Does going to Columbia University (tuition, room and board $49,260 in 2007-08) yield a 40% greater return than attending the University of Colorado at Boulder as an out-of-state student ($35,542)? Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student ($17,380) there? Not likely.
No, in this consumerist age, most buyers aren’t evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer product—like a car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only one of many crucial factors to consider.
As with automobiles, consumers in today’s college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. This accounts for the willingness of people to pay more for different types of experiences (such as attending a private liberal-arts college or going to an out-of-state public school that has a great marine-biology program). And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of money on very different cars, college students (or, more accurately, their parents) often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products. So which is it? Is college an investment product like a stock or a consumer product like a car? In keeping with the automotive world’s hottest consumer trend, maybe it’s best to characterize it as a hybrid (混合动力汽车); an expensive consumer product that, over time, will pay rich dividends.
6. What’s the opinion of economists about going to college?
A．Huge amounts of money is being wasted on campus socializing.
B．It doesn’t pay to run into debt to receive a college education.
C．College education is rewarding in spite of the startling costs.
D．Going to college doesn’t necessarily bring the expected returns.
7. The two Harvard economists note in their study that, for much of the 20th century, ________.
A．enrollment kept decreasing in virtually all American colleges and universities
B．the labor market preferred high-school to college graduates
C．competition for university admissions was far more fierce than today
D．the gap between the earnings of college and high-school graduates narrowed
8. Students who attend an in-state college or university can ________.
A．save more on tuition
B．receive a better education
C．take more liberal-arts courses
D．avoid traveling long distances
9. In this consumerist age, most parents ________.
A．regard college education as a wise investment
B．place a premium on the prestige of the College
C．think it crucial to send their children to college
D．consider college education a consumer product
10. What is the chief consideration when students choose a college today?
A．Their employment prospects after graduation.
B．A satisfying experience within their budgets.
C．Its facilities and learning environment.
D．Its ranking among similar institutions.
要做好这篇文章需要把握两点：1. 明确本文中心：即作者对于花钱上大学的态度（肯定or否定）；2. 定位到原文后做题时，即使不太确定整句话的意思，但只要注意几个关键词就大功告成。 如第57题定位于第一段But之后，虽然是个长句，但是主要抓住关键families can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that should yield huge dividends，而最重点就是yield huge dividends，可见作者是持肯定态度的，从而排除了ABD这三个持否定态度的答案。又如第58题，考生可能对“labor-market premium to skill”理解不透，不过没有关系，考场上只要看懂earn这一词，还有decrease这一词，就明白这句话谈论的是有关收入earning。本篇较为容易的题有59、60、61题，59题靠2个数字就可解答出正确答案，而60、61题基本上答案就是原文中词汇。
09年6月深度阅读七个核心词汇分析
account
n. 账户，描述
vi. 解释; 说明（for）
vt. 认为
account三个意思中“账户”为基本含义，ac-前缀，意为“一再”，count=number数，同根词有accountant（会计人员）, discount（折扣），反复清算，一再校对即为账户。阅读中account用作动词最为常见，account for表示“解释，说明”，也可译为“导致”，同义词组还有lead to（导致），contribute to（为…作贡献，导致）, be responsible for（为…负责，导致）, give rise to（使…发生，导致）, give birth to（生育，导致）。
extinct
adj. 灭绝的，破灭的，过时的，熄灭的
前缀ex-为“出、外”，词根tin，同tain，为“掌控，握住”，同根词有obtain获得，sustain持续。Ex + tin + ct = 失去控制，在掌控之外，引申为灭绝的，过时的。六级阅读中extinct还有形式的变化，extinction灭绝，extinguish vt. 使熄灭，扑灭，使…不复存在；extinguisher n. 扑火者，灭火器，同时还要区分一个近义词extinctive, 意为tending to extinguish or make extinct。
indifferent = in + different，in-否定前缀，different不同，“无论怎样都感觉不到什么不同”→漠不关心的。The worst sin towards our fellow creatures is not to hate them, but to be indifferent to them; that's the essence of inhumanity.我们对作为同类的其他人所犯下的最大罪过不是憎恨，而是漠不关心，那是不近人情的本质。注意be different from与…不同，be indifferent to对…漠不关心［实习编辑：张露］作者: tanchang121 时间: 2009-12-26 13:29
第二篇的答案应该是：6.C 7.D 8.A 9.D 10.B作者: tanchang121 时间: 2009-12-26 13:34
Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998_Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. “In comes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure in dividual rights,” he says_Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes.“No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary,”he argues. “There is no private property without government―individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well.”Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks...if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers,” Olson writes_Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. “If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (刺激，动力）to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade, and therefore at least some economic advance,” Olson concludes.56. Which of the following is true about Olson?A. He was a fiction writer.B. He edited the book Power and Prosperity.C. He taught economics at the University of Maryland.D. He was against the ownership of private property.57. Which of the following represents Olson's point or view?A. Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.B. Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rights.C. Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the society.D. In some countries, people don't have secure individual rights because they're poor.58. What does Olson think about mass production?A. It's capital intensive.B. It's property intensive.C. It relies on individual labor.D. It relies on individual skills.59. What is the basis for the banking system?A. Contract system that can be enforced.B. People's willingness to deposit money in banks.C. The possibility that the bank can make profits from its borrowers.D. The fact that some people have surplus money while some need loans.60. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?A. government interventionB. lack of secure individual rightsC. being short of capitalD. lack of a free market Part
答案：56. C 57. A 58. B 59. A 60. B作者: tanchang121 时间: 2009-12-26 13:37
第一篇错四个，:86)。其他11个全对了。作者: progress405 时间: 2009-12-26 13:55
xiexie!作者: superlihui 时间: 2009-12-26 14:31
这么快就搜出来啦?牛人无处不在！作者: 开场白 时间: 2009-12-26 14:35
谢谢！作者: 你是头猪 时间: 2009-12-26 15:42 回复 10#tanchang121
